Saturday, April 18, 2015
Monday, March 23, 2015
Automatic Night Lamp Using Arduino

Monday, February 16, 2015
First Arduino Project with Program (led blinking)
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The microcontroller board contains AVR microcontroller. for example arduino UNO has atmega328
Wednesday, December 17, 2014
lm324 quad comparator
LM324, LM324A, LM224,
LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
Single Supply Quad
Operational Amplifiers
The LM324 series are low−cost, quad operational amplifiers with
true differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over
standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The
quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as
high as 32 V with quiescent currents about one−fifth of those
associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common
mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the
necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The
output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage.
Features
• Short Circuited Protected Outputs
• True Differential Input Stage
• Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V
• Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A)
• Four Amplifiers Per Package
• Internally Compensated
• Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply
• Industry Standard Pinouts
• ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Affecting
Device Operation
• NCV Prefix for Automotive and Other Applications Requiring
Unique Site and Control Change Requirements; AEC
this IC can be used in various electronics circuits like voltage comparator, triangular wave generator(pwm), voltage monitor(low voltage check), line following robot etc.
The LM324 series are low−cost, quad operational amplifiers with
true differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over
standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The
quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as
high as 32 V with quiescent currents about one−fifth of those
associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common
mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the
necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The
output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage.
Features
• Short Circuited Protected Outputs
• True Differential Input Stage
• Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V
• Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A)
• Four Amplifiers Per Package
• Internally Compensated
• Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply
• Industry Standard Pinouts
• ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Affecting
Device Operation
• NCV Prefix for Automotive and Other Applications Requiring
Unique Site and Control Change Requirements; AEC
this IC can be used in various electronics circuits like voltage comparator, triangular wave generator(pwm), voltage monitor(low voltage check), line following robot etc.
Aakriti 2014 event organised by kathmandu engineering college kalimati
Aakriti2014 was the event recently organised by kathmandu engineering college kalimati kathmandu. the event was 3 days long and held successfully by the college of all department. Also there was a competition of various field of engineering. students and professionals of many fields were present there to show their project and prototype. cosmos college of management and technology was the only college who participated there from other university of the college in Hardware competition. The Team of students of second semester of electronics and communication engineering made a very smart project named smart representing home automation and security system under the supervision of cosmos electronics research team(CERT) and won the second prize there. the first prize was given for Robotic hand from the college of organiser. the participants from the cosmos college under the team CERT were
1. sunil thapa
2. samrat koirala
3. ganesh bhushal
4. ramita shah
5. srijana bohara
many many congratulation for the second prize winner of the event.
Wednesday, November 12, 2014
celebration of cosmic touchdown by European Space Agency
The European Space Agency celebrated a cosmic touchdown Wednesday by successfully landing a spacecraft on a comet for the first time in history.
The agency said it has received a signal at 1603 GMT from the 100 kg Philae lander after it touched down on the icy surface of the comet named 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
While further checks are needed to ascertain the state of the lander, the fact that it is resting on the surface of the speeding comet is already a huge success. It marks the highlight of the decade-long Rosetta mission to study comets and learn more about the origins of these celestial bodies.
The head of the European Space Agency underlined Europe’s pride in having achieved a unique first ahead of its US counterpart NASA. “We are the first to have done that, and that will stay forever,” said ESA director-general Jean-Jacques Dordain.
The landing caps a 6.4 billion-kilometer journey begun a decade ago.
Rosetta, which was launched in 2004, had to slingshot three times around Earth and once around Mars before it could work up enough speed to chase down the comet, which it reached in August. Rosetta and the comet have been traveling in tandem ever since at 66,000 kph. The comet was discovered in 1969.
The head of the European Space Agency underlined Europe’s pride in having achieved a unique first ahead of its US counterpart NASA. “We are the first to have done that, and that will stay forever,” said ESA director-general Jean-Jacques Dordain.
The landing caps a 6.4 billion-kilometer journey begun a decade ago.
Rosetta, which was launched in 2004, had to slingshot three times around Earth and once around Mars before it could work up enough speed to chase down the comet, which it reached in August. Rosetta and the comet have been traveling in tandem ever since at 66,000 kph. The comet was discovered in 1969.
XOR gate using tranistors
the circuit below is the transistor xor gate and the led will glow only A and B inputs are opposite to each other. this is very important circuit used in making adder circuit and other very important device. this circuit is successively simulated in proteus simulator and is tested successfully. please check it out to improve your practical knowledge in logic circuit.
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