First Arduino Project with Program (led blinking)

arduino tutorial first arduino project led blinking. arduino microcontroller board is an open source platform for technical and non technical persons to make and develop electronics project. it is the most popular microcontroller board since it is very easy to use. there are various kind of arduino board. arduino UNO, NANO, MEGA etc are some examples of arduino microcontroller board.
 The microcontroller board contains AVR microcontroller. for example arduino UNO has atmega328

lm324 quad comparator

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902 Single Supply Quad Operational Amplifiers The LM324 series are low−cost, quad operational amplifiers with true differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as high as 32 V with quiescent currents about one−fifth of those associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage. Features • Short Circuited Protected Outputs • True Differential Input Stage • Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V • Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A) • Four Amplifiers Per Package • Internally Compensated • Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply • Industry Standard Pinouts • ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Affecting Device Operation • NCV Prefix for Automotive and Other Applications Requiring Unique Site and Control Change Requirements; AEC this IC can be used in various electronics circuits like voltage comparator, triangular wave generator(pwm), voltage monitor(low voltage check), line following robot etc.

Aakriti 2014 event organised by kathmandu engineering college kalimati

Aakriti2014 was the event recently organised by kathmandu engineering college kalimati kathmandu. the event was 3 days long and held successfully by the college of all department. Also there was a competition of various field of engineering. students and professionals of many fields were present there to show their project and prototype. cosmos college of management and technology was the only college who participated there from other university of the college in Hardware competition. The Team of students of second semester of electronics and communication engineering made a very smart project named smart representing home automation and security system under the supervision of cosmos electronics research team(CERT) and won the second prize there. the first prize was given for Robotic hand from the college of organiser. the participants from the cosmos college under the team CERT were 1. sunil thapa 2. samrat koirala 3. ganesh bhushal 4. ramita shah 5. srijana bohara

many many congratulation for the second prize winner of the event.

celebration of cosmic touchdown by European Space Agency

The European Space Agency celebrated a cosmic touchdown Wednesday by successfully landing a spacecraft on a comet for the first time in history. The agency said it has received a signal at 1603 GMT from the 100 kg Philae lander after it touched down on the icy surface of the comet named 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. While further checks are needed to ascertain the state of the lander, the fact that it is resting on the surface of the speeding comet is already a huge success. It marks the highlight of the decade-long Rosetta mission to study comets and learn more about the origins of these celestial bodies. The head of the European Space Agency underlined Europe’s pride in having achieved a unique first ahead of its US counterpart NASA. “We are the first to have done that, and that will stay forever,” said ESA director-general Jean-Jacques Dordain. The landing caps a 6.4 billion-kilometer journey begun a decade ago. Rosetta, which was launched in 2004, had to slingshot three times around Earth and once around Mars before it could work up enough speed to chase down the comet, which it reached in August. Rosetta and the comet have been traveling in tandem ever since at 66,000 kph. The comet was discovered in 1969.

XOR gate using tranistors

the circuit below is the transistor xor gate and the led will glow only A and B inputs are opposite to each other. this is very important circuit used in making adder circuit and other very important device. this circuit is successively simulated in proteus simulator and is tested successfully. please check it out to improve your practical knowledge in logic circuit.

monostable mode of NE555 chip

This is a basic and important circuit and working principle of popular ciruit NE555. this circuit can be operated with various sensors instead of switch. the circuit can be assembled as shown below and can be simulated using proteus simulator.

working of a circuit when the switch is closed then the lower led will glow and hold for some time until the charge of capacitor finished. after then the lower led will be off and the upper led will glow. again when we press the switch than the same process repeats. if you have any confusion, please ask me...................

bidirectional transistor motor driver for robotic project/ H bridge motor driver

this is the very useful motor driver circuit and its easy to make. this circuit is used in robotic project to move the robotic wheel front back right and left. this circuit is composed of two npn and two pnp transistors and some resistor. you need to have two switch to change the direction of the motor. here the transistors are acting on the its switching application. when both switches are off then motor donot move. when one of the switch is on then the npn of the one and the pnp of another side will be on so current flow through motor. so motor is on. when upper pnp is on on the left side, its lower npn is of and right side lower npn will be on but right side upper pnp will be off when switch is pressed at right side. note switch on means logic 0 and switch off means logic 1 if you are facing problems you can comment here. for the full description i ll upload the working video on youtube.com. check my channel sangit.niroula. this circuit is simulated in proteus simulator.